Authors on Deception Essay

Writers on Deception Essay Writers on Deception Essay All through our Eng. 101 course, we have secured a few unique creators who have dug into encounters and discussions including misleading. Albeit each writer, Orwell, Haizlip and Viorst, expounds on special circumstances and events concerning trickiness, all are issues relating to most if not all people, including myself. Each necessary perusing for me by and by was a one of a kind and captivating entryway that opened to various ways upon individual reflection, question, and thought. Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell is a story including a youthful, not well instructed, sub-divisional cop positioned in lower Burma. His self-misleading is put in plain view as he portrays his impression of how he is seen and bad habit versly from everyone around him. The composing explicitly follows the choice to shoot an elephant and the results that may follow. In cognizance of Orwell’s experience, I have seen (and been a piece of) activities that could have been exclusively founded on the perspectives on â€Å"on lookers†, despite the fact that by and by I may have felt in an unexpected way. Positions extending from coolly hesitating to as frightening as harassing exclusively dependent on miniscule contrasts. These results (for the most part botches) grounded from contemplations of others were mine alone to make, along these lines I acknowledge full obligation looking like Orwell as he should live with the choice he has made paying little mind to how or why it was made. I trust that I can perceive this fact as well as keep on executing positive changes to help better myself and people around me. Shirlee Haizlip composed regarding the matter of â€Å"Passing†. The paper delineates a few types of trickiness and duplicity. Remembering the misdirection of our own picture for the eyes of others, their picture depicted in our eyes, and even how we relate to our own picture. The term passing, the title of the composition, can even be characterized as, â€Å"t he trickiness that empowers an individual to receive certain jobs or personalities from which he/she would be banished by winning social measures without his/hers deceptive conduct.† (Kennedy, standard. 1) Comparable to Orwell, we would all be able to identify with the topic whether we do or don't intentionally let it be known. â€Å"Passing† helped me understand that while racial passing straightforwardly may not be overwhelmingly clear in my own regular day to day existence, it speaks to itself in comparative methods. For example, how individuals adjust contrastingly to one of a kind social situations, guardians info can modify individual conviction just as by and large living of your life can change the duplicity of that conviction, etc. We should think about that every unmistakable situation may not be substantial as an individual yet may agree in the lives of others or even in our own in a roundabout way. Comparable to recently expressed writers, Viorst’s pa per on lying investigates the subject/types of misdirection. Normally in misdirection and double dealing itself, lying. She covers the subject by endeavoring to order the distinctive thinking of double dealing

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart versus Fasting and Feasting by Anita Dasai :: essays research papers

From the title of the story â€Å" Things Fall Apart † and from the name of the creator Chinua Achebe ,who is one of the most famous post-frontier essayists, perusers can foresee what this novel is going to discuss. This book is for the most part worried about the happening to government to a clan called â€Å" Igbo† in Africa and its social unpredictability. At the point when I previously read this book , I see a great deal of similitudes and contrasts in contrast with â€Å"Fasting , Feasting†, which especially centers around life in India after the time of expansionism. Anita Dasai , the writer, is likewise a noteworthy post-pioneer author so I chose to examine about the similitudes and contrasts of the two books. This paper is going to bring up 2 significant subjects which these books share the similitudes and differences.The first is the perspectives of local towards the colonizer including the results of social conflict and second, existence of ladies in the two social orders. Both Africa and India were attacked by the English Empire during the time of colonialism however the perspectives of the local towards the colonizer are diverse considering in the books. In Things Fall Apart , the local clan of Africa or â€Å" Igbo†, which is isolated into numerous towns is by all accounts fiercely restricted to the happening to the colonizer and the colonizer also responds violently.Foe example,when English government had realized that his teacher was slaughtered in Abame village,They slaughtered the town â€Å" †¦until the market was full and they started to shoot. Everyone was murdered †or Okonkwo, who was a pioneer of the African Igbo people group of Umuofia couldn’t stand the happening to the Christian religion so he recommended Mbanta , the town of his mom to battle against the Whites â€Å" Let us not reason like cowards†¦If a man comes into my cottage and poops on the floor,what do I do?Do I shut my eyes? No! I enjoy a stick a nd reprieve his head.† And the circumstance that was most serious was when Okonkwo slaughtered the head ambassador who was sent by English to stop the assemblage of Igbo. After that he hanged himself since he realized that the District Commissioners wouldn’t let this pass and they would shame him as they had done when they got him and his companion for crushing a congregation by whipping him and shaving his head. From the outset English accompanied Christian religion and numerous locals changed over to Christian and overlooked their old agnostic divine beings like Amadiora, the lord of thunder.

Cloud Computing Free Essays

Each gathering Is relied upon to chip away at a venture and by end-term, present a printed copy of the task and furthermore, In outline, present the discoveries. The task ought to mirror your learning’s from the BIT course. Consequently, the point determination must be with the end goal that your task should address one of the accompanying two Study inside and out any ONE territory of IT Investments In an association. We will compose a custom article test on Distributed computing or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The examination needs to feature the business destinations tended to by the framework way to deal with usage investigation of progress or disappointment of the execution. What you would have done any other way †give elective arrangements and proposals Finally, what Business related advantages were gotten from the IT speculations It will be Important to dissect considering Management, Organization and Technology parts of Implementation. Investigation of ONE innovation for Its materialness, handiness and Its Implications for associations over an Industry. Study the business destinations for which the Information framework was Implemented In various associations. You study should cover the accompanying investigation: Is reason and requirement for cap specific innovation Information framework the equivalent over all organizations examined? Were the business objectives the equivalent for the innovation usage? Did all organizations face similar dangers, issues and difficulties in actualizing the innovation inside the organization? Did you watch any basic pattern or work on rising across organizations of a similar industry? At long last, what Business related advantages were gotten from the IT speculations Suggested rundown of innovations and enterprises that can be considered: Technologies Industries Distributed computing, AAAS, tsk-tsk, Fertilization Retail Enterprise applications Like Banking, Financial administrations e-Business online business Insurance Social media Manufacturing, Automobile Data-stockroom and Bal Telecoms You can choose your own innovation or mix of innovation and industry. Accommodation of Synopsis Each gathering Is relied upon to compose an abstract ( not multiple pages) of the undertaking the gathering expects to do. Rundown will cover the Topic of the task Approach the gathering means to follow Broad areas of the report Division of exertion †list the duties allotted to every individual from the gathering Project Report Project report will be submitted in delicate duplicate. The report should tallest be of 12 pages and not surpass more than 25-30 pages. Your report ought to mirror your group’s investigation and exertion. Any report which I find has been straightforwardly downloaded from one source and replicated will be totally dismissed and no imprints will be given to that gathering. Significant dates 1 . Accommodation of abstract: Gag 31st 2. Venture accommodation: End of eighteenth meeting. The date will be affirmed by Seep fourth Step by step instructions to refer to Cloud Computing, Papers Distributed computing Free Essays These join together and convey administrations, for example, the conveyance of programming, Infrastructure and capacity. There are various sorts of distributed computing. There are open mists, private mists and mixture mists. We will compose a custom paper test on Distributed computing or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Open mists are virtual server farm. A specialist co-op, for example, Dropped makes assets accessible over the Internet. Private cloud are for the most part inside an organization’s firewall yet it likewise could a private space devoted to the association gave by a specialist co-op. Cross breed cloud joins the two parts of open and private cloud. What are the upsides of distributed computing? Distributed computing is extremely cost proficient as it is exceptionally simple to keep up and use. Distributed computing Is much less expensive than conventional programming. As distributed computing is high beneficial, It sets aside a great deal of cash and time. Other than cost effectiveness, one of the benefits of distributed computing is that most cloud specialist co-ops are generally capable to recoup data. It is a lot simpler to reinforcement and recoup data than on physical capacity gadget. Another bit of leeway of distributed computing would be Its programmed programming Integration work. Programmed programming Integration implies an individual doesn't require hard exertion to tweak and Integrate applications. Distributed computing permits the individual to modify without any problem. Not just it’s extremely simple to alter, distributed computing is additionally exceptionally simple to get to data. An individual can without much of a stretch access the cloud from each and every corner on the planet with Internet get to whenever. What are the disservices of distributed computing? Distributed computing offers a ton of positive perspectives. However, It additionally has Its drawback. Now and again, distributed computing framework face some genuine specialized issues. Here and there it is useless in spite of it is continually kept up. Security issue is likewise one of the greatest worry in distributed computing. In the event that an association is utilizing a distributed computing specialist organization, secret individual data or other touchy Information could be presented to the outsider. Thus, it is essential to ensure that a cloud specialist organization you’re going to pick is secure. Distributed computing is effortlessly uncovered by programmers or any sorts of danger since anything on the Internet is helpless against assaults. Distributed computing has made it simple to get to Information however probably the greatest defect Is that It doesn’t furnish with a ton of room. The majority of the cloud specialist co-ops just give not exactly BIBB of space to its client. A business 1 OFF association picked a specialist co-op, the association relies a ton upon the specialist co-op. It would be exceptionally problematic to change from a specialist co-op to another. It would require some investment to move all the records. How could a Canola Computer Store client use Dropped? Dropped can store photographs, records, recordings and documents for its clients. Dropped has applications for a few stages, for example, PC, cell phones and tablets. Dropped is additionally open on the Internet. Dropped likewise permits its clients to impart their envelopes to whomever they want. Other than sharing an envelope, Dropped clients can likewise send connections of explicit documents, photographs and organizers. Dropped is a free help and you can join at www. Dropped. Com. Part B: Disposal of Data and Computer Components What are the two techniques for secure information removal? Sims Recycling Solutions offers two sorts of secure information removal. They offer information cleaning and information destroying technique. How does every technique arranges the information? Sims Recycling Solutions utilizes the information cleaning strategy by utilizing the business driving information cleaner programming called Balance to wipe the information in the hard drive. Information grouping technique is likewise utilized by Sims Recycling Solutions. Information is arranged by truly destroyed by enormous destroying machines. Why arrange information utilizing information cleaning strategy? Information cleaning is an amazing technique for reusing reason. Some association utilizes the information cleaning strategy to wipe all the information at that point commented it and sell. By utilizing information cleaning strategy, an association can save segments of a hardware for support and deal purposes. Information cleaning additionally permits an association to restore a hardware and give for noble cause as it wipes all the information inside. Why arrange information utilizing information destroying strategy? Information destroying is great if reusing a gear isn't a choice henceforth requires information destroying strategy to genuinely devastate the hardware. It is likewise a decent decision for Solid State Memory and non-attractive capacity gadgets, for example, DVD’s and minimized circle (CD) in light of the fact that these sorts of capacity gadgets need information destroying technique to devastate them safely. How Sims Recycling Solutions bargains mindfully, morally and in an ecological well disposed way with electronic waste? Electronic waste, for example, PC screen and TV contain substances that are destructive to the earth on the off chance that they are not arranged cautiously. Sims Recycling Solutions offers to gather electronic waste, for example, PC screen and TV to nearby Sims Recycling Solution removal focus. We use Sims Recycling Solutions in light of the fact that the organization reuses perilous electronic waste in a natural inviting manner. The organization additionally reuse as much as possible. The organization can reuse the glass in screens. Scanners, toner cartridges and printers can likewise be reused. Sims Recycling Solutions has the innovation to break toner cartridges for vitality recuperation and reuse them into crude material in a natural well disposed way. Reusing successful and ecological benevolent. Sims Recycling Solutions guarantees 100% information removal in printers and scanners as they record everything printed or copied in their memory. Where would i be able to arrange IT and PC? Step by step instructions to refer to Cloud Computing, Papers

Case Study Wiseessays.com - The Power of a Website

Case Study Wiseessays.com - The Power of a WebsiteIf you want to start a website about all the laws of business, you can start your own website with case study wiseessays.com. However, it is not that easy because you must be able to convince other people with your ideas so that they will learn from your website.The first thing that you need to do is to write a case study on any topic related to your real life experience. You must also add the real life example that is related to the topic so that your readers will get the idea on how much power that the law of success is. If you want your readers to get the idea, then you must start a real life example like how I was able to make my company grow by 10% in one year with no investment.The purpose of your case study wiseessays.com is to tell the readers that if they will make some investment in your business, they will get money. After you have finished the case study, you will be able to convince your readers that investing in your bus iness is the right way for them to get their money and to have a strong company.Once you are done with your case study wiseessays.com, you will be able to convince other people with the same ideas. The internet is full of topics that you can use as a case study wiseessays.com because you can find information from the net and then you can take this information and use it as a case study wiseessays.com.In fact, you can use your internet marketing knowledge to bring more traffic to your website and to develop more business opportunities. If you have a good content and powerful and memorable contents, you will be able to bring more traffic to your website and more business opportunities for you. This is the reason why most of the marketers nowadays have got their own websites on the internet because they are learning about the process of SEO.When you have a website on the internet, you can use your online marketing knowledge to make your site ranked well in search engines. You must unde rstand the importance of SEO marketing, as well as the benefits of having a good website on the internet. As a result, you will be able to earn a lot of money through your internet marketing business.It is important for you to remember that you must use your case study wiseessays.com to promote your online business and the idea that you are able to build a successful online business because you must know how to create the right message and how to tell the world about your success. So, if you want to start a website and you want to learn about online marketing, you can always join the internet marketing forums, blogs, or forums to gain more knowledge about online marketing.

Comparing The Film V For Vendetta And The Song Get Up...

Comparative analyses exploring the film V for Vendetta and the song Get Up Stand Up by Bob Marley and how they relate to the social context of Marxism. One of the themes that influenced many artists in the past is standing up for your rights. ‘V for Vendetta’ (2005) and ‘Bob Marley’s Get Up, Stand Up’ (1973) has been chosen because the author supports these works fit into the social context of Marxism. From the outset, Marxism will be examined in terms of the historical aspect and materialistic ideology. Moreover, the study will look at how these elements were manipulated by the powers that be. There follows a short synopsis of the film ‘V for Vendetta’ and an analysis of specific scenes that relate to the Marxist theory. Subsequently, the discussion will focus on Marley’s influence on Jamaican politics and consequently an analysis on how Marley’s Get Up Stand Up (1973) lyrics relate to Marxism. Lastly, by implementing appropriate approaches there will be a critical comparison on how these works relate to Marxism (explanation). History of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Germany in 1818 (bbc.co.uk, 2015). Marx joined the University of Bonn in 1835 (doube check, duel stuff) to study in the Faculty of Law (Kreis, 2000). In 1836 (find out what happened), Marx moved to Berlin to enrol at Berlin University as a law student and soon after he became a member of the Young Hegelians (Engels, 2015). Which was/is an idealist movement (find out what it was) in

Century Study of Music free essay sample

Session 6 20th Century To be specific focusing on five performances: First one comes before this period. Laying down framework that comes later: A concert at the Carnegie Hall, 1938, called Spirituals to Swing. Second one, in 1939 another concert-same title. Then we come to Post war period A concert, in 1953 that became known as Jazz Massey Hall, Canada. Referred toot times as the quintet of the year the five musicians that played were some of the foremost Bebop musicians at the time. Both live events. Subsequently those tunes became part of the Males Davies repertoire.Coming into sasss another studio performance called Ascension, which was led by saxophone player, John Chlorate, who was very much associated with the new thing, I. E free improvisation. Finally-beyond the period Sun Ra-1989. In those pieces we go a little bit before the period and a little after taking us Into the popular level of the digital era-early asss. * Chose these specific performances because they encapsulate something very important that was happening in Jazz very new, blue, consolidating. Place in social context as well as musical and artistic concepts. A very general outline Ideologies (or frameworks of Ideas we might apply to what was going on). Placed In a sort of logical order, although no need as Grass roots Jazz carries on to this day-is referring to early 20th century. -Grassroots Pragmatism (Practical, matter of fact way of approaching and assessing music. Jazz grassroots dimension. Sasss onwards Increasing commercial Interests In Jazz.Particularly In the asss and asss led to two things: *African-American essentialist (Spiritual swing concert) an ideology, put black Americans first (form of music comes from these people) in a ay counterpoised to commercialism if you look at racial politics of America at that time white people making big bucks out of the white musicians. *Normalization (beginning of Bebop). This Is where musicians keen to put themselves outside of the commercial nexus- after hours In little clubs they would evolve a new type of music.Idea putting themselves on the margin and musicians aspiring to being considered as artists despite the racist snobbery that suggested they would find it more difficult to be genuine artists-this is part of the normalization and the sod you attitude, as they were not actually thinking in immemorial terms, the first and foremost thing was not to make money out of the music. America, enormous amount of promotion of Jazz example of how wonderful America was. Happy to use Jazz in a propaganda sense. E. , Communist world doesnt know this kind of music and they were happy to use Jazz in that propaganda sense because one of the big criticisms that the Russians/communists had was that in America people are not all equal and you Just wanted to look at the racial issue. America was happy to come back with, well yes theres an awful lot of black peop le hat play this music as well, so it was good propaganda which led to some extraordinary results. *Backlash to all of that, against this in the asss where Jazz became very associated with the freedom movement and the civil rights movement.This is very much where Free Jazz, Free improvisation and really Ascension-Sun Eras work were associated with that. *asss asss Finally, Jazz becomes multi-dimensional , in the asss, asss, maybe. Ref (15:00) To some degree-black Americans musicians- searching for the history in the roots, in relation to freedom in the civil rights-made heir Journeys through Africa, and tried to find ways in which the two types of music enmeshed. * Two famous examples-albums recorded by Jazz musicians perhaps a Jazz sax player and made albums with drummer ensembles etc, so you get this kind of fusion. Asss If you look back as far as the asss, you get another Jazz fusion Jazz Rock-Miles Davies, one of the first people that got on to that one. * Very good rock guitarists like John McLaughlin would perform with Miles Davies Jazz band-introduces a very different feel to it. Miles Davies-interesting career-had made a hip hop record by the mime he died in the asss. Multi-dimensional things that come in, in Jazz. The boundaries of the genre had melted somewhat. Repertoire became very fluid. Wasnt Just Jazz tunes/blues/or 32 bar popular song forms/Jazz classics, but an enormous amount else that was allowed in to the repertoire.Quote from two Jazz critics political propaganda-linking music with politics-Cold War stuff. Normalization. An interesting essay by American -Norman Mailer, came out in 1957, called The White Negro: Superficial reflections on the hipster. All about normalization-this is al about white people, when white people feel disaffected. *Pose of resistance because they were not happy with mainstream society, we are taking this stance against it, in order to do so they were parodying taking on black expression/ black culture.Telethons Monk-We want music they cannot play. Pre Beatnik, person that represented it the most was Dizzy Gillespie Jive talking, black berets, extra words syllables one of the fatuity words was a Rooney! Meant to be hip. Record shops in New York displaying Bebop spoken here. were promoted by John Hammond. John Hammond- wealthy man-quite young at that mime. Promoted many performers: *Billie holiday-later on Bob Dylan and then later in the asss Bruce Springiness. He was plugged in to what was happening both in Jazz and popular music. He thought unconventionally for his class and was outraged at the condition of black people in America at that time-how difficult it was to get on if you were black and particularly if you were a musician and particularly in the Jazz world. Hammond motivations for putting on this concert was to give African Americans some respect, some profile and to acknowledge that one of Americas contributions to USIA had come from black people-this is how he wanted it to be seen. Wasnt easy to get sponsorship- both these concerts were at Carnegie Hall-the pucker concert hall in the Unites States, therefore the most expensive to hire and despite the fact of him being wealthy himself he was trying to raise some support/sponsorship. He didnt manage to get anyone from the commercial world possibly due to racist reasons as the concert was going to be for an integrated audience and there had to be black and white and a lot of the commercial sponsors opted out. He did get a pompons in a way from a very predictable source-a Journal called the new masses. A journal that was produced by the American Communist Party.They agreed to finance it, although not entirely surprising if you think of the philosophy of equality and all the rest. What Hammond was trying to do with these concerts: *To write or establish a narrative of Jazz, in other words a story that would be its history, it would be the story that Jazz told about itself. In a way if your trying to give a sense of dignity, youre trying to put a group of people on the map, you need to tell a story about them. Very often these stories are invented but Hammond intentions were absolutely pure , no doubt he was politically, socially, artistically committed to the plight of black people in America.On the other hand he did write a narrative -(its in the title: Spirituals To Swing. ) Hammond did tell a story of Jazz that we have been telling ever since and has sometimes got in the way of the way we think about Jazz. Its in the title: Spirituals To Swing. The narrative was (in the title) (sasss was the swing era, era of big bands Tommy Dorset- Glen Millard) big by todays standard with 20 to 30 musicians. Played for dancing So swing was where the story had got to.What he was trying to prove in these concerts was this: * There was a story that started in West Africa ( when we talked about early Jazz, it was emphasized that there was also a white European, very strong influence in Jazz) Undoubtedly the people that led this formation of this style where African Americans. All of them had been very heavily Ragtime might have been a compromise between black American rhythms and European parlor music but Hammond didnt say anything about the European bit. *sasss back then people were much more static. Didnt travel around the world the way we do today.If you were putting something like this on today and you wanted to represent the fact that the music came from African roots, youd have bought a few plane tickets and flown a troop of African drummers over from iambi to New York, they would have done their concert and gone home. Would have been impossible to organist that project those days. At the beginning of one of (maybe both) those concerts he put a gramophone player on the stage-played very rare recordings of African tribal drumming-to give people some idea of this is where it started even though they loudest actually get the people there that played this.So this is how it started: You go to a posh concert at Carnegie Hall-you wouldnt be paying peanuts to go there-you got all these Jazz stars that are on the bill. -It starts with someone walking on the stage and putting a needle on the record. There onwards he tried to show that there was a logical development from that point -To slavery- the slave trade black people in the Southern States singing work songs/call and response/early versions of gospel coming up to early versions of blues. He tried very hard to get hold of the lees singer, Robert Johnson(legendary in asss/inspiration to asss rock bands, e. Rolling stones) He was a bit of a legend in his own time-very hard to trace him. Hammond went around to try to find this character but in the end they found that he had only Just died. They found another singer called Big Bill Brown/fantastic guitar player singer and he took Robert Johnson place. Other people invited to perform in his concert The Golden Gate Quartet, four black singers who sang gospel songs in a more modern style. If you had been around asss years or even a hundred years earlier you would not have heard the same style that The Golden Gate did. -Plays audio clip Mitchell Christian Singers, What More Can My Jesus Do. This was recorded at this concert. Old style with lead singer and harmonistic voices alongside. Plays more audio from those concerts: Harmonica player Sonny Terry/ well known as a fantastic blues-harp player/had most peculiar style of falsetto singing, wasnt that uncommon. People that came to the concert (particularly left-wing white intellectuals, must have thought it extremely primitive and loved it for sure for that reason. Plays Sonny Terry percussionist laying a washboard. Lots of different techniques used, thimbles on fingers/bells attached to boards etc. Not many knew much about this in those days-fairly common for us now. So what you have got with these concerts: -The African roots -The beginnings of blues and gospel progress from those forms to a modern swing band. The band they got to do this was Count Basis and his orchestra. They were difficult to get but Hammond was promoting them himself, obviously why and how he got them to play. Basiss music was very blues based, although like a swing band in some respects, it was like an overgrown blues band in other respects. Probably had at least a couple of each sax, two tenors, two altos possibly a baritone, probably didnt use soprano very much those days.Perhaps two trumpets, trombones and a rhythm section But Count Bastes own tunes were all based on the 12 bar blues sequence plays audio: One Oclock Jump. Other musicians were involved as well: -Benny Goodman- white clarinet player. It wasnt that there was a color bar against the whites, the idea was to tell this story in the black context. Benny Goodman was considered the king of swing on the clarinet. There were other examples of mainly black musicians Plays audio-Count Basiss One Oclock Jump-fast swing movement but very rehearsed, e. We heard a key change -Some room for improvisation as it is very riff based -If band is riffing behind you, playing key phrase over and over then lot of scope to put a solo over it. -Typical of the time, what you will hear is they are not long protracted solos -Dont give musician much opportunity to expand -Modern Jazz solos tend to go on much longer -Kind of a rehearsed improvisation -More of a composition with some room for improve Lots you can say about these Spiritual of Swing concerts: In one very particular way the beginnings of rock and roll actually owed something to these concerts. There was a whole style of piano playing in the States -Very Urban -Not that many people doing it -But common enough to go in to a bar and hear someone playing Boogie Woozier _Which was basically a speeded-up form of 12 bar blues -Typically with those left hand patterns and right hand cliches *What never happened in Boogie Woozier was: -Groups of musicians started to play together in these concerts -Three very famous Boogie pianists not so sure if they even knew each other before the concert -JohnHammond managed to get three pianos on the stage and got all three playing -You get this fantastic three voice Boogie Woozier Then there was the big shouter Big Joe Turner got up and sang with these Boogie Woozier pianists -It does sound a bit like early rock and roll -Without that shuffling back beat that was so typical. Discuss this in two weeks time) This concert really profiled that music -spread it and made groups were there hadnt previously been groups -Lots of people there -Most importantly the musicians were put in contact with one another -So very quickly they began to bring this very urban blues style together And that really is the first hint of rock and roll. So, John Hammond may have done a whole lot more than essentially profile black music. He might of been a pioneer in the rock and roll world.Thats that concert. A recap He tried to create a narrative of Jazz, he gave it a history. Not entirely accurate but a nice story to tell. (1953) We move on to Jazz in Massey Hall in 1953 Discusses bebop itself before moving on to this concert. -Has given already a couple of hints as to what the origins of bebop were: -One was a opposed quotation of Telethons Monk who said: We wanted to play something they couldnt. 2 -When he said they couldnt actually reflects something of the history of Jazz.What actually happened to Jazz -Entrepreneurs, impresarios, people in other words from the commercial area had heavily moved in and marketed Jazz. -In particular the swing bands were there was some room for improve but if you played in the majority of swing bands and particularly those led by white musicians, improvisation almost disappears-listen to Glen Millard or Dodders band for e. G -Part of the reason for that is that they were selling a product. Improvisation is notoriously unreliable, one day brilliant, next day not so. If you are selling records you want your customers to know what they are getting. -At least in the more popular dimension of things _-But majority of Jazz musicians if they wanted to make a living at all by playing music found themselves at one time or another in one of these swing bands. _AI the famous Jazz musicians in the bebop era, like Charlie Parker (alto sax player) Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet player) both of whom we hear. -Many many others, bass players drummers the lot, at some time or another went on this swing band thing to make a paving. Read somewhere it was something of a treadmill, read that Benny Goodman band toured 365 days a year -They had a gig every day including smash day and on Sundays would play in the afternoon and evening. -Evening performances very long, often went on after midnight. Then they would pack up their gear and on a train to some other part of the Country in time for the next gig. -Every day of the year and playing the same stuff. -It was hard work they were very hard-working bands. -There was the audience for it. On the whole they were playing dance halls. The music of course was quite simplified. Minds -you had to be blended good. -You wouldnt be able to stand the touring schedule if you were struggling for notes or techniques. (sasss) What you actually hear if you listen to those bands that toured in the sasss: -You hear excellent musicians/also hear quite a formulaic music. So this is where a lot of early black Jazz musicians where earning their living, and what tended to happen is you would do your gig and then after hours you would go to one of these clubs. A very famous one in New York, called Moutons. -Musicians who wanted to play one of their own stuff and didnt want to be on this readily all the time, playing same riffs day after day. However they met together after hours. You get this very high technique but were musicians bursting forth, as they were very creative artists who were being very frustrated by the fact that they were playing this formulaic music, so this is one of the very strong origins of bebop. Often the tunes they played (despite the fact that they would often play a 2 bar blues sequence or other popular tunes that were very well known, usually the 32 bar popular tune formula but they would start to play outside the chords. Particularly sax player, Charlie Parker who was very good at introducing chromaticss or little shifts. E. G the pianist may be playing a chord of G but then very briefly you might play something a semitone above it and then back to G. -A lot of what they did was trying to see how far outside the chords they could get. Also playing in many cases, very very fast.Plays an audio from a concert a few years before it. -Plays Charlie Parker Coalescence tune was derived from a very well known love song-Lover Come Back To Me . Was usually performed very slowly. -You would get a ironer like Being Crosby or a heart throb that would croon this song very gently. However, once Charlie got hold of it the tune is unrecognizable but what you do have is the chord sequence . The important thing here, is that you have got a new tune, a very fast and a very complicated tune-very difficult to play and based on a very conventional chord sequence.Plays audio. Performances regarded as a little bit heroin-fueled. *Gave is the sax solo and trumpet solo, trumpet solo was Miles Davies when in his teens. Miles Davies had moved to New York to be near this kind of music went to he Jailbird school of music, trained them to the highest caliber-classical musicians. He only did a year there and dropped out and went and got a real music education amongst the Jazz players. Charlie Parker was a very tragic case, a heroin addict and killed him in the end. So, thats a good example of bebop, kind of all about chops, its showy, very fast. The chord changes which would normally be quite simple if it was an original love song but first he is doing it at twice the speed and adding, passing chords in. -Very hard to describe this. You can analyses it musically and see what sasss is the date of this. So bebop was well on the way by then as an established style and there were vast numbers of players. -Was true what Telethons Monk had said, that they wanted something that white musicians couldnt play and it was true for only a very brief period because there were some very excellent white musicians who got into that style and became very well known for it. On the other hand it was very much run by black musicians . (1953) So by 1953 when this concert took place, bebop was very much an established Jazz idiom and the people who were in the quintet, the five of them were all really well known in their own way. One of them was Charlie Parker who we Just heard on the alto sax, the trumpeter that we shall hear is Dizzied Gillespie, they had Matt Roach on drums on Lingua on bass, Bud Powell on piano. Monk was a very idiosyncratic player but he didnt play here !!!!

Transformational Leadership Is Positively Related to Ocb Essay Example

Transformational Leadership Is Positively Related to Ocb Essay Student ID: 12062298D Student Name: Lau Tsz Ling Argument: Transformational leadership is positively related to Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Introduction Choosing a good leading approach is critical for a leader to succeed in leading a team in order to achieve team’s goal. Transformational leadership is one of the recommendable leadership theories for leaders to follow for motivating followers to accomplish more than what they have planned through various ways. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a ladder for followers to participate more and it is believed that transformational leadership can enhance the degree of OCB, but mostly through an indirect way, by influencing job satisfactions and organizational commitment and thus OCB. This essay first focuses on how transformational leadership affect followers’ behavior. The second part will be the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfactions and organizational commitment. Finally, I will come into the indirectly effect of transformational leadership on OCB through job satisfaction and organizational commitment, by using Perceived organizational Support, Equity theory and Social-Exchange Theory for explaination. Transformational leadership According to Burns (1978), transformational leadership is a process that tries to move the consciousness of followers up through appealing to higher ideals and values. Bass (1985) suggests that transformational leader can make followers to pay more attention to consider the task outcomes value, act for the goal of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership Is Positively Related to Ocb specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership Is Positively Related to Ocb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership Is Positively Related to Ocb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Besides, it can also motivate the followers to put extra effort like putting high level goals instead of performing the minimum requirements of their work. There are 4 main factors suggests by Bass (1985) on transformational leadership. They are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. The first factor, idealized influence, refers to the perception and action that followers toward leader (Bass,1985). If a leader act as a role model for the followers, they can be more easily to gain trust and respect from followers. The second factor is inspirational motivation. It means the articulation of a leader’s vision which appeal and inspire followers (Berson, Shamir, Avolio Popper, 2001). The third factor, Individual consideration is that â€Å"assignment are delegated to followers to provide learning opportunites† (Williams, Pollai, Schriesheim, 1999:898). The last factor, intellectual stimulation, means that leader stimulate followers’ creativity in order to think in various ways so as to increase productivity. Organizational Citizenship Bahavior (OCB) Organ (1988) defines OCB as behavior of workers which is discretionary and excess their basic job requirements. This behavior is beneficial to organization. OCB is excluded from formally defined role prescriptions. Hence, it is hard for managers to reward employees who perform OCB and punish who does not perform (Moorman and Blakely, 1995). In aggregate, contributions from OCB enhance the effectiveness of organizational functioning. Therefore, it is the main concern of managers what they can do to make the employees carry out OCB. Organizational Commitment (OC) Allen and Meyer(1991) constructs a three-component model about OC. They are affective commitment, calculative commitment and normative commitment. Meyer and Allen(1991) proposes that affective commitment is the emotional attachment of individual to the organization with identification . Calculative commitment is defined as the need for an employee to stay in an organization due to their investment put and sunk costs. Normative commitment refers to the obligation of employees to remain in the organization (Allen Meyer, 1990). In some meta-analyses (Organ and Ryan,1995) (Meyer, Stanley, Herscovitch, Topolnytsky, 2002), they find that there is a positively relationship between affective and normative commitment and OCB, whereas no relationship between continuance commitment and OCB. In the following study, I will mainly focus on the effect of affective and normative commitment on OCB only. Job Satisfaction Locke (1976,p. 1300) defined job satisfaction as â€Å"pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences†. If employees feel success, gain joyful from their job, higher job satisfaction is resulted. In the following paragraphs, I am going to have a look on how transformational leadership is positively influencing Job satisfaction and commitment. Transformational leadership and Organizational Commitment Followers’ organizational commitment can be easily influenced by practicing transformational leadership. For example, helping followers in solving problems on their works, getting help in making decision when they face difficulties in choosing choice, caring their needs so as to develop their potential skills, creating a common goal among leaders and followers as well as highlighting the importance of each followers in achieving goals (Avolio, Zhu, Koh, Bhatia, 2004; Shamir, House, Arther,1993; Shamir, Zakay, Breinin, Popper, 1998). Followers will then feel being supported, self-esteem is elevated and adjust themselves to get into the same vision with leaders (Kent,2001). Finally, followers will pay back the leader’s effort by putting higher commitment. The above relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment is supported by the Avolio and his colleagues’ study(2004). They carried out the study in a large public hospital in Singapore and invited 520 staff nurses to participate. The result shows that transformational leadership is positively associated with organizational commitment through studying followers’ level of empowerment and structural distance. Although different level of empowerment and structural distance will influence the degree of organizational commitment, there is still a positive relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. From another study done by Emery Barker(2007), which includes participates from banking and food industry, also find out that transformational leadership is positively correlated to organizational commitment and the level of commitment is higher than those follow transactional leader. Transformational leadership and Job satisfaction Cohrs, Abele, Dette (2006) suggest that one of the major determinants of job satisfaction is leadership and transformational leadership is one of it (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Morrman, Fetter,1990). By practicing transformational leadership, leaders can instruct a sense of mission and intellectual stimulation. (Bass,1985). Leaders can also know the needs and aspirations of followers so as to give them personal attention. Followers’ confidence, motivation and effectiveness can then be increased (WalumbwaKuchinke, 1999). Besides, Avolio and Bass (1995) believe that transformational leaders can build trust and respect with followers by giving individualized attention. When followers feel they have received the special attention from leaders, they are more willing to work harder to meet their expectations and longer-term goals. Job satisfaction is then increased. Walumbwa and his colleagues’ (2005) has carried out a study on whether there is a relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction and organizational commitment. They have asked the participants, who are tellers and clerks form five banks in United States and seven foreign and local banks in Kenya to rate 3 items managers’ leadership behavior, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The result shows that transformational leadership is related to both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Emery and Barker(2007) also take study on customer contact personnel. It also shows that transformational leadership can increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In Avolio, Bass and their colleagues’ (2004) research also shows that transformational leadership is connected with work-related behaviors and attitudes, including job satisfaction. From the above empirical studys and analyses, it is worth to believe there is a positively association between transformational leadership and job satisfaction. The above analyses and studies show out the positive relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction. In the following paragraph, I am going to show out how job satisfaction and organizational commitment act as mediator between transformational leadership and OCB. Organizational commitment Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organizational commitment is a multidimensional concept and I am going to use affective and normative commitment to be the mediator between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. When employee feel being cared, supported from their leader, higher affective commitment is resulted. One of the reason behind may be both are mainly related to emotion. As giving care and support is one part of the transformational leadership, the degree of affective commitment can be increased. With a stronger affective commitment, employees are more willing to work and put more effort in achieving organizational goal. Besides, affective commitment can influence employees’ attention between the connection between their work performance and the organizational objective. They will have more evaluation on their own performance and how much their contribution is related to the success of achieving goal is. Increase in the degree of affective commitment will also increase the contribution from employees. With higher affective commitment, they have higher motivation to work and not only perform in-role performance i. e. their basic job requirement, but also the extra-role, for example, introduce the organizational structure and normal operations to the new employees which is included as OCB. This obligation can be created by the training provided from the organization and the interaction between leader and followers. When transformational leader provide idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation to his/her followers, normative commitment of followers will be enhanced. This can be explained by Perceived Organizational Support(Elisenberger et al,2002) and Equity Theory(Adam,1965). According to Perceived Organizational Support (Elisenberger et al,2002), employees who have received high extent of attention, trust and support will reciprocate the organization with better performance. Referring to the Equity theory, Adam(1965) suggests that employee who enjoys superior treatment from the organization after compared with others’ treatment will try to improve their work quality and productivity as return to leader or organization. However, the work outcomes are not singly determined by one’s effort. As a result, employee will render the care and support by OCB. Therefore, with higher level of both affective commitment and normative commitment, higher degree of OCB is resulted. The positively correlation between OCB and affective commitment and normative commitment are supported by several study. Meyer and Hersocovitch(2001) claims that OCB is a consequences of OC. Besides, a positive relationship between affective and OCB is supported by O’Reilly and Chatman(1986) study. Meyer, Stanley, Herscovitch and Topolnytsky’s research(2002) also find that affective and normative commitment is positively connected to OCB. In Snape, Chan and Redman(2006) study, it shows that increase in degree of organizational commitment will increase the level of OCB. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior When transformational leaders help employees to solve problem, stimulate them to develop their potential, provide care and support to the followers’ needs, they will have a higher motivation to work and logically a better performance. Gaining the feeling of success from job will then increase their job satisfaction. Williams and Anderson(1991) said that one of the most important predictors of OCB is job satisfaction and there is a strong positive relationship between them. In other words, the higher the job satisfaction, the higher the motivation and the better the work performance is. Griffith(2003) suggests that employees with higher job satisfaction will have a higher evaluation about the organization. They are more willing to help others and do more than what they are required to do, i. e. performing extra-role performance. Besides, in order to reciprocate the organization as employees find satisfaction from their job, employees are more willing to commit themselves to the organization, resulting in performing OCB in return. The relationship between job satisfaction and OCB can be explained by Social Exchange Theory (Emerson, 1976). The costs and benefits from work can be both mental and physical. The â€Å"costs† of work can be the time forgone, feeling tired, rap from managers, etc. , whereas the â€Å"benefits† from the job are salaries, success in achieving organizational goals as well as the job satisfaction. When the degree of job satisfaction is high, the benefits will increase and the cost will decrease at the same time. As a result, the â€Å"worth† to work will be increased. In order to repay the worth from work, employees is more easily to perform OCB in exchange. There are several studies and meta-analyses shows that there is a positively relationship between job satisfaction and OCB. The meta-analyses carried out by Organ and Ryan(1995) shows that there is a positive relationship between job satisfaction and OCB. Organ and Ryan(1995) makes a study on nurse about the relationship between job satisfaction and OCB and it shows a positive result. The degree of OCB is also positively correlated to job satisfaction (Organ and Lingl, 1995) Conclusion To conclude, I have discussed the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and OCB. As a transformational leader will influence the degree of followers’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and the degree of organizational commitment and job satisfaction is also correlated to employees’ willingness of performing OCB, it is worth to believe that transformational leadership can influence OCB indirectly. Although there are many studies and meta-analyses have been carried out to study their relationship, the important thing is to practice it out. Leader should try to become a transformational leader to motivate and encourage their followers. Through the practice, followers will gain support and care. They will then reciprocate the organization by making improvement in both in-role and extra-role (OCB) performance. 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